Integrated Circuit Characteristics
Integrated circuits or microcircuits, microchips, and chips are a way of miniaturizing circuits (mainly including semiconductor devices, but also passive components, etc.) in electronics, and are usually manufactured in On the surface of the semiconductor wafer.
The aforementioned integrated circuits that manufacture circuits on the surface of semiconductor chips are also called thin-film integrated circuits. Another type of thick-film hybrid integrated circuit (hybrid integrated circuit) is a miniaturized circuit composed of independent semiconductor devices and passive components integrated into a substrate or circuit board.
This article is about monolithic integrated circuits, or thin film integrated circuits.
Integrated circuits have the advantages of small size, light weight, few lead wires and soldering points, long life, high reliability, and good performance. At the same time, they have low cost and are convenient for mass production. It is not only widely used in industrial and civilian electronic equipment such as radio cassette recorders, televisions, computers, etc., but also in military, communications, and remote control. The use of integrated circuits to assemble electronic equipment can increase the assembly density by tens to thousands of times compared with transistors, and the stable working time of the equipment can also be greatly improved.